Physical activity during pregnancy: benefits, risks, and recommendations

Abstract

Physical activity during pregnancy is the subject of numerous fears and prejudices, although an increasing number of scientific works confirm the safety of exercise and multiple benefits for the mother and fetus. The aim of this paper was to review the literature related to the impact of physical activity during pregnancy, with special reference to potential risks, benefits, and recommended forms of exercise. Literature shows that exercise during pregnancy is not associated with an increased risk of preterm birth or miscarriage in healthy pregnant women. Controlled exercise during pregnancy contributes to the prevention of gestational diabetes, back and pelvic girdle pain, excessive weight gain, obesity, and pelvic floor muscle dysfunction. Physical activity has proven to be important in maintaining the metabolic health of pregnant women and preparing the body for the physical demands of childbirth. However, the choice and intensity of exercise must be individualized and coordinated with the health condition of the pregnant woman and the recommendations of the gynecologist. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that adequate physical activity is desirable and safe during pregnancy.